Roman Numerals

Roman Numerals is a type of numeral notation that was once employed by the Romans. The Roman numeral is an additive and subtractive number system in which letters are employed to represent specific base numbers and arbitrary integers. A roman number is XLVII, which is equivalent to 47 in numerical form. Roman numerals are represented by a unique set of symbols that includes the English alphabet. In roman numerals, 5 is represented by V. It may be used to name anything, such as Class I, Class II, Class X, and so on.

In this article, Knowledge Glow will go through roman numerals in depth.

What are Roman Numerals?

Roman numerals are an old number system that is still widely used today. Alphabets are used to express fixed positive integers in roman numerals. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X indicate 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 correspondingly.

Following 10, the roman numbers are XI for 11, XII for 12, XII for 13,… to XX for 20. The table below lists the most frequent roman numerals now used to denote basic numbers.

I	V	X	L	C	D	M
1	5	10	50	100	500	1000

Roman Numerals Chart (1 to 1000)

The roman numerals table below depicts Roman numerals from 1 to 1000, such as 1, 2, 3,…, 10, 11, 20, 30, 50, 100, 500, and 1000. We can simply write roman numbers from 1 to 1000 using the chart.

Roman Numerals Chart

Roman Numerals 1 to 100

The list of Roman numerals or Roman numbers from 1 to 100 follows. The guidelines for writing the roman letters from 1 to 100 are described here.

Number	RomanNumeral	Number	RomanNumeral	Number	RomanNumeral	Number	RomanNumeral	Number	RomanNumeral
1	I	21	XXI	41	XLI	61	LXI	81	LXXXI
2	II	22	XXII	42	XLII	62	LXII	82	LXXXII
3	III	23	XXIII	43	XLIII	63	LXIII	83	LXXXIII
4	IV	24	XXIV	44	XLIV	64	LXIV	84	LXXXIV
5	V	25	XXV	45	XLV	65	LXV	85	LXXXV
6	VI	26	XXVI	46	XLVI	66	LXVI	86	LXXXVI
7	VII	27	XXVII	47	XLVII	67	LXVII	87	LXXXVII
8	VIII	28	XXVIII	48	XLVIII	68	LXVIII	88	LXXXVIII
9	IX	29	XXIX	49	XLIX	69	LXIX	89	LXXXIX
10	X	30	XXX	50	L	70	LXX	90	XC
11	XI	31	XXXI	51	LI	71	LXXI	91	XCI
12	XII	32	XXXII	52	LII	72	LXXII	92	XCII
13	XIII	33	XXXIII	53	LIII	73	LXXIII	93	XCIII
14	XIV	34	XXXIV	54	LIV	74	LXXIV	94	XCIV
15	XV	35	XXXV	55	LV	75	LXXV	95	XCV
16	XVI	36	XXXVI	56	LVI	76	LXXVI	96	XCVI
17	XVII	37	XXXVII	57	LVII	77	LXXVII	97	XCVII
18	XVIII	38	XXXVIII	58	LVIII	78	LXXVIII	98	XCVIII
19	XIX	39	XXXIX	59	LIX	79	LXXIX	99	XCIX
20	XX	40	XL	60	LX	80	LXXX	100	C

Roman Numerals 100 to 1000

Number	Roman Numerals	Evaluation
100	C	100
200	CC	100 + 100
300	CCC	100 + 100 + 100
400	CD	500 – 100
500	D	500
600	DC	500 + 100
700	DCC	500 + 100 + 100
800	DCCC	500 + 100 + 100 + 100
900	CM	1000 – 100
1000	M	1000

Roman Letters

Although roman letters are used in English alphabets, not all alphabets are roman alphabets. J, U, and W are not considered roman alphabets, and there are 23 roman alphabets out of 26 English alphabets. As a result, the Roman alphabet consists of the following letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Y, and Z. These roman letters are sometimes referred to as roman symbols.

The year 2019 is written as MMXIX, for example.

Rules for Write Roman Numerals

When representing a number in roman numerals, certain requirements must be fulfilled. Please read the following rules.

• The symbol’s value is multiplied by the number of times it is repeated. (For example, II – 2, XX – 20, and XXX – 30.)
• A sign can only be repeated three times, for example, XXX = 30, CC = 200, and so on.
• Symbols V, L, and D never appear again.
• When a symbol with a lower value occurs after a symbol with a higher value, the values of the two symbols are added. For instance, VI = V + I = 5 + 1 = 6.
• When a sign with a lower value occurs before a symbol of a higher value, it is deducted. For instance, IX = X – I = 10 – 1 = 9.
• Because they are not placed before a bigger value sign, the symbols V, L, and D are never subtracted.
• Symbol I can only be subtracted from symbols V and X, whereas symbol X can only be subtracted from symbols L, M, and C.

Converting Roman Numerals to Numbers

Rule 1: If one or more symbols are inserted after a higher-valued letter, add that amount.

• VII = 7 (5 + 2 = 7)
• LXXX = 80 (50 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 80)
• MCCC = 1300 (1000+100 + 100 + 100 = 1300)

Rule 2: Subtract the amount if a symbol comes before a letter with a higher value.

• CM = 900 (1000 – 100 = 900)
• IX = 9 ( 10 – 1 = 9 )
• XC = 90 (100 – 10 = 90)

Rule 3: In the case of roman numerals, 1000 is substituted by a bar.

 Subtractive Rule of Roman Numerals

Write	Instead of	For the value of
IV	IIII	4
IX	VIIII	9
XL	XXXX	40
XC	LXXXX	90
CD	CCCC	400
CM	DCCCC	900

Solved Examples on Roman Numerals

Example 1: Write 69 in roman numerals.

Solution:

69 = 60 + 9

= (50 + 10) + (10 – 1)

= LX + IX

= LXIX

Thus, 69 = LXIX.

Example 2: Convert 1984 into the roman numeral.

Solution:

Break the number 1984 into 1000, 900, 80 and 4, then perform each conversion

As, 1000 + 900 + 80 + 4 = 1984

• 1000 = M
• 900 = CM
• 80 = LXXX
• 4 = IV

1000 + 900 + 80 + 4 = 1984,

So, 1984 = MCMLXXXIV

Example 3: Convert 1774 to Roman Numerals.

Solution:

Break 1774 into 1000, 700, 70, 4 and then do each conversion

1000 = M

700 = DCC

70 = LXX

4 = IV

1000+700+70+4 = 1774,

Hence, 1774 = MDCCLXXIV

Example 4: Compute the following roman numeral MXXII – LXX – LII.

Solution:

Given: MXXII – LXX – LII.

We know that MXXII = 1022, LXX = 70 and LII = 52.

Now, substituting these numbers in the Roman numeral letters, we get;

MXXII – LXX – LII = 1022 – 70 – 52.

MXXII – LXX – LII = 900.

Hence, the number 900 in the Roman numeral is CM.

Roman Numerals Practice Questions

• What is the roman numeral equivalent of 500?
• Convert the number 1009 to a roman numeral.
• Convert CXII to numeric form.
• What is the roman numeral for 11?
• Write the number 6 in roman numerals.
• Write the number 12 in roman numerals.
• What is the Roman numeral CMXXIII’s numerical form?

Frequently Asked Questions on Roman Numerals

How do we write 100 in roman numerals?

C represents 100 in roman numerals.

Roman numerals from 1 to 10 should be written.

The roman numbers 1 to 10 are represented by:

1 – I

2 – II

3 – III

4 – IV

5 – V

6 – VI

7 – VII

8 – VIII

9 – IX

10 – X

How do we write 200 in Roman numerals?

In Roman, 200 is written as CC.

What is the proper way to write roman numbers?

Seven distinct alphabets are used to write Roman numerals. The numerals and alphabets are as follows: 

I – 1

V – 5

X – 10

L – 50

C – 100

D – 500

M – 1000

What does the roman numeral XC stand for?

We can write all of the Roman numerals using these alphabets.

XC = 90

What is the roman numeral equivalent of 800?

800 = 500 + 100 + 100 + 100

500 = D and 100 = C

Therefore,

800 = DCCC

What is the significance of roman numerals?

Roman numerals are used to identify the name or location of anything or person.

Sam, for example, was first in class.

Prince Charles III Schools include classes ranging from first to tenth.